Please submit a feedback request to Apple. Obviously Photos.app should support this function. Sadly, I suspect Apple goes by its usage data and has learned that most users of Photos do not use or create Albums -- or add any kind of metadata to images. So it will probably never be fixed.
-- Jacques Rioux's script https://discussions.apple.com/message/29601534#29601534
-- modified by leonie for Catalina
-- version 1.01, changed a dialog to a notification
-- version 2, added the support to suppress smart albums
-- Select the photo in Photos, then run this script
-- by pressing the "Run" button in the script editor
-- or run it from the scripts menu.
-- The script will show first a panel with the filename of the photo it is searching for.
-- Then it will show a second panel with the list of albums.
-- if you do not see the panels, click the script Editor icon in the Dock, if it is bouncing.
global allalbums -- the list of all albums
global allfolders -- the list of all folders
set NoSmartAlbums to true -- set this to false, if you want to find the smart albums too
--part 1. get the selected photos
tell application "Photos"
activate
-- Add the photo you want to search for to a top level album as the first item in the album
set resultcaption to "Searching for: "
try
set sel to selection
if sel is {} then error "The selection is empty" -- no selection
on error errTexttwo number errNumtwo
display dialog "No photos selected " & errNumtwo & return & errTexttwo
return
end try
set imagename to "unknown filename"
try
set target to item 1 of sel -- the image to seach for
tell target
set imagename to the filename of target
end tell
on error errTexttwo number errNumtwo
display dialog "Cannot get the filename of the first image: " & errNumtwo & return & errTexttwo
end try
set resultcaption to (resultcaption & imagename)
end tell
display notification resultcaption subtitle imagename
-- Part 2: get a list of all albums by searching the nested folders
set allfolders to {}
set allalbums to {}
tell application "Photos"
set allalbums to the albums -- collect all albums
set allfoldernames to {}
set allalbumnames to {}
set level to 0 -- nesting level of folders
set nextlevelFolders to the folders
set currentLevelFolders to {}
repeat while (nextlevelFolders is not {})
set currentLevelFolders to nextlevelFolders
set nextlevelFolders to {}
repeat with fi in currentLevelFolders
tell fi
set ffolders to its folders
set falbums to its albums
set nextlevelFolders to ffolders & nextlevelFolders
set allalbums to falbums & allalbums
end tell
end repeat
set allfolders to currentLevelFolders & allfolders
set level to level + 1
end repeat
-- return allalbums --test
end tell
-- removing albums with "smart" in the name
if NoSmartAlbums then
set without_smart_Albums to {}
repeat with a in allalbums
if (the name of a does not contain "smart") then set without_smart_Albums to {a} & without_smart_Albums
end repeat
set allalbums to without_smart_Albums -- to exclude smart albums
end if
-- From Jacques Rioux's script:
tell application "Photos"
if sel is {} then return -- no selection
try
set thisId to id of item 1 of sel
on error errText number errNum
display dialog "Error: cannot get the image ID" & errNum & return & errText & "Trying again"
try
delay 1
set thisId to id of item 1 of sel
on error errTexttwo number errNumtwo
display dialog "Skipping image due to repeated error: " & errNumtwo & return & errTexttwo
error "giving up"
return
end try --second attempt
end try
set theseNames to {}
repeat with a in allalbums
try
tell a
if ((the id of media items) contains thisId) then
set theseNames to {the name of a} & theseNames
end if
end tell
--set theseNames to name of (albums whose id of media items contains thisId)
on error errText number errNum
display dialog "Error: cannot get the albums" & errNum & return & errText & "Trying again"
try
delay 1
tell a
if ((the id of media items) contains thisId) then
set theseNames to {the name of a} & theseNames
end if
end tell
on error errTexttwo number errNumtwo
display dialog "Skipping image due to repeated error: " & errNumtwo & return & errTexttwo
error "giving up"
return
end try
end try
end repeat
end tell
if theseNames is not {} then
set {oTid, text item delimiters} to {text item delimiters, return}
set {t, text item delimiters} to {theseNames as string, oTid}
-- return oTid
else
set t to "No album"
end if
activate
set resultcaption to resultcaption & ", found it in these albums:
" & t as string
set the clipboard to resultcaption
display notification resultcaption subtitle "Saved to the Clipboard"
display dialog resultcaption & ", Saved to the Clipboard" buttons {"OK"} default button "OK"
-- you can press the Enter key or the return Key to close the dialog
return resultcaption -- léonie